Rapprochement between Adversary States in East Asia: China-Vietnam, China-South Korea Diplomatic Normalization in the 1990s

Ji young Chang

2.Ji young Chang

Abstract

This research deals with the restoration of relations between nations, focusing on the
“normalization of diplomatic relations” between two “adversary states” in East Asia. It aims to
determine what causes two enemy states to restore their relations; additionally, the possibility
of stable peace is expected, as normalization would not only affect the two protagonist states.
Therefore, it can be used as a starting point for stable peace among nations. This research
considers two cases: China-Vietnam and China-South Korea normalization in the 1990s.
Through these cases, the research is expected to determine the causes and processes of securing
stable peace in East Asia. First, the process leading to rapprochement in East Asia follows three
steps: (1) Unilateral accommodation, (2) Non-political interaction, and (3) Reciprocal restraint.
Additionally, the three variables of “weaker state, domestic policy, and the third party” are
building blocks that lead states to rapprochement. The weaker state tends to take the initiative
of improving relations. Based on the weaker state’s initiative, its domestic policy promotes
societal and economic exchanges between countries. Lastly, the third party plays a key role in
the process of restoring relations in East Asia.
Keywords: normalization․rapprochement․cooperation․peace․East Asia․China