Minhyuk Hong1 ․ Taekyoon Kim2

Received: 18 May 2023 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 /
Published online: 1 December 2023 Ⓒ Korean Social Science Research Council 2023

Abstract This study sets out to delve into the changing landscape of Triangular Cooperation
(TrC) at the macroscopic level of international development cooperation by not only drawing
attention to why TrC is changing and how these changes take place but also identifying what
implications would be relevant in practice beyond the traditional development cooperation
between the Global South and the Global North. To this end, this study seeks to draw attention
to new innovative modalities of TrC via methodological pluralism by which we can collect all
possible methods to identify alternative patterns of TrC under a changing landscape of international
politics. Accordingly, it begins by discovering emerging trends in TrC-based development
cooperation to ascertain the four key drivers fueling its transformation: ODA graduation, changes
in South-South Cooperation, regionalization, and non-state actors. Following this analysis, it
elaborates on how such trends have affected TrC’s modalities, substantiating these findings
with real cases. Upon doing so, this study configures the implications posed by the traditional
TrC model, conceptually aggregating and categorizing the findings to determine shared insights.
Finally, it concludes by singling out common challenges associated with the lessons learned.
Keywords Triangular Cooperation․South-South Cooperation․Non-State Actor․Global
South․Global North․Geopolitical Governance

2.Minhyuk-Hong-Taekyoon-Kim.pdf